Environmental chemistry is the branch of chemistry which is concerned with the chemical phenomenon occurring in the environment. ...

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only, e.g., alkane, alkene and alkynes. Classification of Hydrocarbons Alkanes ...

Class 11 Chemistry Notes for Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques ...

In p-block elements, the last electron enters in the outermost p-orbital .. There are six groups of p-block elements in the Periodic Table, numbering from 13 to 18. Their valence shell electronic configuration is ns2np1 – 6 (except for He). ...

In the s-block elements the last electron enters in the s-orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons, two groups (1 and 2) belong to the s-block, ...

It was discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766 by the action of dilute H2O4 on iron. It was named ‘inflammable air’, Lavoisier gave it the name hydrogen (Creek: Hydra = water, gennas = producer]. It occurs in free state as well as in combined state. ...

Chemical reactions which involves both oxidation as well as reduction process simultaneously, are known as redox reactions (‘red’) from reduction and ‘ox’ from oxidation). All these reactions are always accompanied by energy change in the form of heat, light or electricity. ...

Physical and Chemical Processes Physical processes involve such changes, which only affects the physical properties of the substance undergoing changes but have no effect on the chemical composition and properties. Chemical processes involve changes in chemical composition and properties. Whenever a chemical change occurs, we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place. ...

The branch of science which deals with the quantitative relationship between heat and other forms of energies is called thermodynamics. ...

Hitherto five states of matter are known, viz, solid, liquid, gas, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. Out of these solid, liquid and gas are commonly found while remaining two are found only under specificconditions. ...

Chemical Bond It is defined as the attractive forces which hold the various chemical constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species. Bond forms to get the stability. with a release of energy. ...

Classification of Elements With the discovery of a large number of elements, it became difficult to study the elements individually, so classification of elements was done to make the study easier. Earlier Attempts to Classify Elements Many attempts were made to classify the known elements from time to time. The earlier attempts are as follows: Prout’s Hypothesis (1815) According...

Atom John Dalton proposed (in 1808) that atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter. Atomic radii are of the order of 10-8cm. It contain three subatomic particles namely electrons, protons and neutrons, ...

Chemistry It is the branch of science which deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is called the father of chemistry. ...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Wave A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. There are three types of waves Mechanical Waves Those waves which require a material medium for their propagation, are called mechanical waves, e.g., sound waves, water waves...

Periodic Motion A motion which repeats itself identically after a fixed interval of time is called periodic motion. e.g., orbital motion of the earth around the sun, motion of arms of a clock, motion of a simple pendulum etc. Oscillatory Motion A periodic motion taking place to and fro or back and forth about a fixed point, is...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of Gases Every gas consists of extremely small particles known as molecules. The molecules of a given gas are all identical but are different from those of another gas. The molecules of a gas are identical spherical, rigid and perfectly elastic point masses. Their molecular size is negligible in comparison...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The branch of physics which deals with the study of transformation of heat energy into other forms of energy and vice-versa. A thermodynamical system is said to be in thermal equilibrium when macroscopic variables (like pressure, volume, temperature, mass, composition etc) that characterise the system do not change with time. ...

Thermal Properties of Matter Class 11 Notes Physics Chapter 11 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); • Heat is the form of energy transferred between two (or more) systems or a system and its surroundings by virtue of temperature difference. The SI unit of heat energy transferred is expressed in joule (J). In CGS system, unit of heat is...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); NCERT Notes For Physics Class 11 Chapter 9 :- Mechanical Properties Of Solids Deforming Force A force which produces a change in configuration of the object on applying it, is called a deforming force. Elasticity ...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is called the force of gravitation. Gravitation is one of the four classes of interactions found in nature. These are (i) the gravitational force (ii) the electromagnetic force (iii) the strong nuclear force (also called the...

Centre of Mass Centre of mass of a system is the point that behaves as whole mass of the system is concentrated at it and all external forces are acting on it. For rigid bodies, centre of mass is independent of the state of the body i.e., whether it is in rest or in accelerated motion centre of...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Work When a force acts on an object and the object actually moves in the direction of force, then the work is said to be done by the force. Work done by the force is equal to the product of the force and the displacement of the object in the direction of force....

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Inertia The property of an object by virtue of which it cannot change its state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line its own, is called inertia. Inertia is a measure of mass of a body. Greater the mass of a body greater will be its inertia or vice-versa. Inertia is...

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Projectile Motion When any object is thrown from horizontal at an angle θ except 90°, then the path followed by it is called trajectory, the object is called projectile and its motion is called projectile motion. ...

Motion If an object changes its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called in motion. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Rest If an object does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called at rest. [Rest and motion are relative states. It means an object which...

Units and Measurement Class 11 Notes Physics Chapter 2 Measurement (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The process of measurement is basically a comparison process. To measure a physical quantity, we have to find out how many times a standard amount of that physical quantity is present in the quantity being measured. The number thus obtained is known as...